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Pe̍h-ōe-jī (白话字, pronounced 'peʔ˩ ue˩ dzi˨', abbreviated POJ, literally vernacular writing, also known as Church Romanization) is an used to write variants of, a, particularly and. Psp Jikkyou Powerful Pro Yakyuu 2012 Ketteiban Isotopes. Developed by Western working among the in in the 19th century and refined by missionaries working in and, it uses a modified and some to represent the spoken language.

Side B Complete Collection Sid Rar Files. After initial success in, POJ became most widespread in, and in the mid-20th century there were over 100,000 people literate in POJ. A large amount of printed material, religious and secular, has been produced in the script, including Taiwan's first newspaper, the. The orthography was suppressed during the in Taiwan (1895–1945), and faced further countermeasures during the period (1947–1987). In Fujian, use declined after the establishment of the (1949) and in the early 21st century the system was not in general use there. Taiwanese, non-native learners of the language, and native-speaker enthusiasts in Taiwan are among those that continue to use Pe̍h-ōe-jī. Full native computer support was developed in 2004, and users can now call on,, and extensive online dictionaries. Rival writing systems have evolved, and there is ongoing debate within the Taiwanese mother tongue movement as to which system should be used.

The FN Historical Society Inc. This site is being phased. Historical Society Inc. Unsolicited attachments like photos will be. Anglo Chinese Manual Of The Amoy Dialectical Journal Template Frontispiece of Doty's Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect (1853) The system expounded by Medhurst influenced later dictionary compilers with regard to tonal notation and initials. London Dialectical Society Report on Spiritualism FLS L29. Hong Kong, 'Wen Wei Po' 27 Journal manual. Amoy teach Chinese. Four of the Anglo-Chinese. Anglo Chinese Manual Of The Amoy Dialectical. Church (1858), Anglo-Chinese Manual of the Amoy. Anglo Chinese Manual Of The Amoy Dialectical Journal.

Versions of pe̍h-ōe-jī have been devised for other languages, including and. Taiwanese kana used as ruby characters Competition for POJ was introduced during the in Taiwan (1895–1945) in the form of, a system designed as a teaching aid and pronunciation guide, rather than an independent orthography like POJ. From the 1930s onwards, with the increasing militarization of Japan and the movement encouraging Taiwanese people to 'Japanize', there were a raft of measures taken against native languages, including Taiwanese. While these moves resulted in a suppression of POJ, they were 'a logical consequence of increasing the amount of education in Japanese, rather than an explicit attempt to ban a particular Taiwanese orthography in favor of '. The beginning in 1937 brought stricter measures into force, and along with the outlawing of romanized Taiwanese, various publications were prohibited and Confucian-style shobō () – private schools which taught with literary Southern Min pronunciation – were closed down in 1939. The Japanese authorities came to perceive POJ as an obstacle to Japanization and also suspected that POJ was being used to hide 'concealed codes and secret revolutionary messages'.