polarinmotion

Dunphy Burners Manualdownload Free Software Programs Online. External Pedestrian Path Surfaces Slips and trips account for fifty percent of all reported injuries to members of the public. People with impairment through age or disability are particularly prone to this type of accident. The elderly are also more likely to suffer serious injury than younger people. Careful selection, construction and maintenance of path surfaces can have a significant impact on the number of falls that visitors and staff may experience.

When choosing the most appropriate surface take account of how the path will be used, and also consider its setting, environment and the landscape. When deciding what type of path surface and level of control is appropriate it may also be helpful to zone the areas of path in accordance with the. Paths provided for the public in “urban” zones, generally need to be able to be used safely by all people from the very young to the very old, some of whom may have limited hazard perception, various mobility or sensory impairments and unsuitable footwear.

When selecting path surfaces in a more rural setting, it can be assumed that visitors will have a moderate level of fitness, and be better equipped. In wild or rugged terrain formal path surfacing may not be necessary. Risk assessment Research has shown that a combination of factors contributes to pedestrian slip accidents: • Path material – The slip resistance in both wet and dry conditions and surface roughness need to be considered along with durability, wear and maintenance requirements as well as cost and appearance. Patch Francais Pour Crazy Talk. • Contamination – For example algae or excrement from horses or pigeons can greatly increase the slip risk.

Where it can not be easily prevented or controlled, contamination needs to be taken into account when selecting the surface material. • Environment – Lighting, noise, visual distractions, slopes and changes in level and the consequences of falls should also be taken into account. Significant gradients need greater slip resistance; ramps need to be obvious, for example by using a contrasting colour to that of the landings. • Use – The amount of control over the way in which the path will be used and by whom should also be considered. If people are carrying large bags or other objects then their chances of falling are increased.

The elderly also have a much greater risk of slipping. • Behaviour – Looking for signs, and using mobile phones or running can lead to hazards not being seen. • Footwear – Good fitting flat shoes/boots with a well designed tread pattern minimise the risk of slipping.

However in many cases people using paths may not have appropriate footwear. Options for control When considering the options available to improve control of slip and trip hazards, as with all risk assessments, possible improvements should be subject to a careful cost benefit analysis. This will help you to decide what would be reasonably practicable, given the costs involved and the amount of risk reduction that would be achieved. Cost considerations should not just be financial.

You should also take into account impacts on the natural or historic environment. The following matrix provides a guide as to what may be considered reasonable in a range of environments.

Btcv Handbook Footpaths Holidays. Dry stone structures are stable because of their unique construction method. BTCV, British Trust for Conservation Volunteers.

Wild Terrain No identifiable paths No information No maintenance Rugged Terrain Paths in place, but not constructed or surfaced No information Inspection after major incidents such as storms to identify and rectify major hazards Rural Terrain Paths constructed, but may be uneven and steep with some slip and trip hazards. Only major hazards controlled Routes identified, and advice given regarding safe use of paths Occasional inspection and maintenance Urban Terrain Where possible path surfaces to be even, and firm with good slip resistance Information to be provided on easily accessible routes and those areas where access is more challenging Frequent inspection, and maintenance Edinburgh Castle, Scotland High visitor numbers at the castle ensure that the paths are treated as urban terrain. Mount Stewart, County Down, Northern Ireland Mount Stewart gardens have been added to the list of potential World Heritage Sites. The surfaces are an integral part of Lady Londonderry’s garden design. Therefore they would not be changed. Alternative pedestrian routes would be created if necessary.

Some factors can not easily be controlled. Risk controls need to focus on those elements which can easily be controlled. Areas over which path providers can have some influence are: • Slip resistance and roughness – All accessible path surfaces should be compact, firm, stable, and obstacle free. Surfaces should also be slip-resistant (i.e.

Have a Slip Resistance Value between 35 and 45) in wet and dry conditions and should not be made of reflective material. Suitable materials include concrete, bitumen macadam, stone, timber, brick/paving and grass. Sand, loose gravel, woodchips and cobbles should not be used.